Describe the history and development of organic chemistry.

(N/A) The history of organic chemistry began with the belief in $Vital \ Force \ Theory$,which suggested that organic compounds could only be produced by living organisms.
In $1828$,$Friedrich \ Wöhler$ disproved this by synthesizing urea $(NH_2CONH_2)$ from an inorganic compound,ammonium cyanate $(NH_4OCN)$,by heating it.
This discovery marked the beginning of modern organic chemistry,shifting the focus from vitalism to the study of carbon-based compounds.
Later,$Kolbe$ synthesized acetic acid and $Berthelot$ synthesized methane,further establishing that organic compounds could be prepared in the laboratory from inorganic precursors.
Today,organic chemistry is defined as the study of carbon compounds,excluding simple oxides like $CO$,$CO_2$,carbides,and carbonates.